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Mexico City Policy
The Mexico City Policy is an intermittent United States government policy that required all non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that receive federal funding to refrain from performing or promoting abortion services as a method of family planning with non-US government funds in other countries. Since January 23, 2009, the policy has not been in effect. From 1973 on, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has followed the Helms Amendment ruling, banning use of U.S. government funds to provide abortion as a method of family planning anywhere in the world. 〔USAID Public website (USAID's Family Planning Guiding Principles and U.S. Legislative and Policy Requirements ) Retrieved September 10, 2012〕
The policy is a political flashpoint in the abortion debate, with Republican administrations often adopting it and Democratic administrations generally rescinding it; the policy was enacted by Republican President Ronald Reagan in 1984, rescinded by Democratic President Bill Clinton in January 1993, re-instituted in January 2001 as Republican President George W. Bush took office, and rescinded January 23, 2009, three days after Democratic President Barack Obama took office.〔Statement released after the President rescinds "Mexico City Policy" (whitehouse.gov, 1-25-09) http://www.whitehouse.gov/statement-released-after-the-president-rescinds/〕 It has been referred to by some critics as the ''Mexico City Gag Rule'' and the ''Global Gag Rule''.〔(Pathfinder International: Advocacy: Resources: Fact Sheets: Global Gag Rule )〕
==Scope of the policy==
The August 1984 announcement by President Reagan of what has become known as the "Mexico City Policy" directed the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to expand this limitation and withhold USAID funds from NGOs that use non-USAID funds to engage in a wide range of activities, including providing advice, counseling, or information regarding abortion, or lobbying a foreign government to legalize or make abortion available. The Mexico City Policy was in effect from 1985 until 1993, when it was rescinded by President Clinton. President George W. Bush reinstated the policy in 2001, implementing it through conditions in USAID grant awards, and subsequently extended the policy to "voluntary population planning" assistance provided by the Department of State.
The policy required non-governmental organizations to "agree as a condition of their receipt of () federal funds" that they would "neither perform nor actively promote abortion as a method of family planning in other nations".〔Bush, George. W. (January 22, 2001). (Restoration of the Mexico City Policy ). Retrieved September 29, 2007.〕 The policy had exceptions for abortions done in response to rape, incest, or life-threatening conditions.〔Cincotta, R. P. & Crane, B. B. (2001). (The Mexico City Policy and U.S. Family Planning Assistance ). ''Science'', ''294''(5542), 525 - 526. . Retrieved September 29, 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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